Colorectalcancer (CRC) is one of the major cancers threatening the life and health of Chinese residents, causing a serious social burden.
According to data released by the National Cancer Center, there were 387,600 new cases of colorectal cancer in China in 2015, accounting for 9.87% of all malignant tumors. The number of deaths caused by colorectal cancer was 187,100, accounting for 8.01% of all malignant tumor deaths.
Speaking of bowel cancer, a lot of people often think bowel cancer patients are in the majority with the elderly. But in fact, bowel cancer is already getting younger and younger. Among the reported cases was a 23-year-old woman who was diagnosed with bowel cancer and had developed liver metastases.
According to a 2018 study by the American Cancer Society, a large analysis found that adults born around 1990 had twice the risk of colon cancer and four times the risk of rectal cancer compared to those born around 1950. That means the risk of colorectal cancer is even higher for those born in the 90s than those born in the 50s.
These seven groups should be screened for bowel cancer as early as possible
Colonoscopy and fecal occult blood screening have proven to be effective screening methods that reduce colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality.
Colorectal cancer screening should be carried out as early as possible in high-risk groups. According to the recommendation on Screening and Prevention of Common Malignant Tumors for Residents of 2021 edition, there are seven groups at high risk of colon cancer:
Asymptomatic people over 45 years of age;
Over 40 years old with anorectal symptoms for 2 weeks (refers to any of the following symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks: changes in stool habits (constipation, diarrhea, etc.); Changes in stool shape (thinning of stool); Changes in the nature of stool (blood in the stool, mucus stool, etc.); Fixed abdominal pain);
Patients with ulcerative colitis;
Colorectal cancer patients after surgery;
Population after treatment of colorectal adenoma;
Immediate relatives with a family history of colorectal cancer;
Direct relatives of patients diagnosed with hereditary colorectal cancer (familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)) aged over 20 years.
Stay away from bowel cancer and keep these things in mind
In fact, colorectal cancer is affected by diet and lifestyle. If you want to stay away from colorectal cancer, in addition to early screening, you should stay away from the risk factors that lead to colorectal cancer. For this xiaobian has refined these points, must keep in mind.
Exercise can effectively reduce the risk of cancer, adhere to physical exercise, to avoid obesity. Reasonable exercise is a protective factor for colorectal cancer. Sitting for long periods of time can lead to poor blood circulation, affect intestinal peristalsis and metabolism, but also increase the amount of time harmful components of stool in the colon. While exercise significantly reduced the risk of bowel cancer, reducing the number of precancerous polyps in the intestine by a third. Those who exercised were 16 percent less likely to develop intestinal polyps and 30 percent less likely to develop larger or cancerous polyps.
Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, according to the guidelines. According to a 2018 report by the world cancer research fund (WCRF) and the American institute for cancer research (AICR), every 5kg/m2 increase in body mass index (BMI) is associated with a 5% increase in colorectal cancer risk; For every 10cm increase in waist circumference, the risk of colorectal cancer increased by 2%.
Eat a healthy diet, increase intake of raw fiber, fresh fruit, avoid high-fat, high-protein diets, and eat less red and processed meat. Dietary fiber, whole grains, and dairy intake are protective factors for colorectal cancer, according to the guidelines. Data from studies in the guidelines showed that for every 10-gram increase in daily dietary fiber intake, the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 9 percent. For every 90 g increase in whole grain intake, the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 17 per cent. Dairy intake is negatively correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer.
Red and processed meat intake is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, according to the guidelines. According to a 2018 WCRF/AICR report, each 50 g increase in processed meat intake and each 100 g increase in red meat intake were associated with a 16 per cent and 12 per cent increased risk of colorectal cancer, respectively. At present, a large number of studies have found that red meat and processed meat increase the risk of cancer, therefore, we should eat less red meat and processed meat.
Eat a healthy diet, increase intake of raw fiber, fresh fruit, avoid high-fat, high-protein diets, and eat less red and processed meat. Dietary fiber, whole grains, and dairy intake are protective factors for colorectal cancer, according to the guidelines. Data from studies in the guidelines showed that for every 10-gram increase in daily dietary fiber intake, the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 9 percent. For every 90 g increase in whole grain intake, the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 17 per cent. Quit smoking and alcohol, avoid long-term toxicity and inflammatory stimulation to the digestive system. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption are both risk factors for colorectal cancer, the guidelines note. A 2018 WCRF/AICR report found a 7% increase in colorectal cancer risk for every 10g increase in daily alcohol consumption.
Red and processed meat intake is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, according to the guidelines. According to a 2018 WCRF/AICR report, each 50 g increase in processed meat intake and each 100 g increase in red meat intake were associated with a 16 per cent and 12 per cent increased risk of colorectal cancer, respectively. At present, a large number of studies have found that red meat and processed meat increase the risk of cancer, therefore, we should eat less red meat and processed meat.